Headcount development The Group’s headcount fell by 2.4 percent compared with the end of the prior year. Development across the segments was varied. The number of employees in our Germany operating segment declined by 3.4 percent as a result of efficiency enhancement measures and the take-up of socially responsible instruments in connection with the staff restructuring. The total number of employees in our United States operating segment increased by 0.9 percent as of December 31, 2019 compared with the prior year, primarily due to ongoing growth in our business. In our Europe operating segment, the headcount was down 7.4 percent compared with the end of the prior year. This was due in part to the sale of Telekom Albania. The headcount also decreased in Romania, Hungary, and Poland in particular. The number of employees in our Systems Solutions operating segment increased by 1.7 percent compared with the end of 2018, mainly due to the first-time inclusion and expansion of a service unit in India. The remaining headcount in this segment decreased by 3.5 percent on account of restructuring measures. In the Group Development operating segment, the 31.7 percent increase in the number of employees can be attributed to the inclusion of Tele2 Netherlands in the Netherlands. The headcount in the Group Headquarters & Group Services segment was down 6.3 percent compared with the end of 2018, mainly due to the ongoing staff restructuring at Vivento and the lower headcount in the Technology and Innovation unit. Workforce statistics (XLS:) Download Headcount development Dec. 31, 2019 Dec. 31, 2018 Change % Dec. 31, 2017 Dec. 31, 2016 Dec. 31, 2015 a Based on average number of employees. NUMBER OF FTEs IN THE GROUP 210,533 215,675 (2.4) 217,349 218,341 225,243 Of which: Deutsche Telekom AG 17,461 19,259 (9.3) 21,428 22,571 26,205 Of which: civil servants (in Germany, with an active service relationship) 12,153 13,507 (10.0) 15,482 15,999 18,483 Germany operating segment 60,501 62,621 (3.4) 64,798 66,410 67,927 United States operating segment 47,312 46,871 0.9 45,888 44,820 44,229 Europe operating segment 44,591 48,133 (7.4) 47,421 46,808 48,920 Systems Solutions operating segment 38,096 37,467 1.7 37,924 37,472 37,850 Group Development operating segment 2,603 1,976 31.7 1,967 2,572 2,768 Group Headquarters & Group Services 17,430 18,606 (6.3) 19,351 20,258 23,548 BREAKDOWN BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA Germany 94,111 98,092 (4.1) 101,901 104,662 110,354 International 116,422 117,582 (1.0) 115,448 113,679 114,888 Of which: other EU member states 58,743 61,249 (4.1) 59,952 59,456 60,710 Of which: rest of Europe 2,055 2,471 (16.8) 2,620 2,581 2,945 Of which: North America 47,652 47,245 0.9 46,332 45,364 44,803 Of which: rest of world 7,971 6,618 20.4 6,543 6,278 6,431 NATURAL ATTRITION % 5.3 5.1 3.9 4.7 4.0 4.4 Of which: Germany % 2.3 1.9 21.1 1.7 1.4 1.3 Of which: international % 9.5 9.8 (3.1) 9.2 8.1 9.3 PRODUCTIVITY TRENDa Net revenue per employee thousands of € 378 350 8.2 346 331 306 (XLS:) Download Personnel costsbillions of € 2019 2018 Change % 2017 2016 2015 a Expenses for staff-related measures. Personnel costs in the Group 16.7 16.4 1.7 15.5 16.4 15.8 Of which: Germany 8.7 9.2 (5.4) 8.5 9.8 9.4 Of which: international 8.0 7.3 9.9 7.0 6.6 6.4 Special factorsa 1.0 1.2 (13.6) 0.6 1.6 1.2 Personnel costs in the Group (adjusted for special factors) 15.7 15.2 3.4 14.9 14.8 14.6 Net revenue 80.5 75.7 6.4 74.9 73.1 69.2 ADJUSTED PERSONNEL COST RATIO % 19.5 20.1 (3.0) 19.9 20.3 21.2 PERSONNEL COSTS AT DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG UNDER GERMAN GAAP 2.3 2.5 (8.3) 2.7 3.5 2.9