30 Other financial income/expense

All income/expense components including interest income and expense from financial instruments classified since January 1, 2018 as at fair value through profit or loss in accordance with IFRS 9 (in 2017 – as held for trading in accordance with IAS 39) are reported under other financial income/expense.

Other financial expense decreased by EUR 0.6 billion year-on-year, resulting in other financial income of EUR 0.1 billion. This improvement was mainly due to higher earnings from financial instruments, EUR 0.5 billion of which related to measurement effects from embedded derivatives at T‑Mobile US, in particular as a result of the lower interest rate risk premium for T‑Mobile US. By contrast, the interest expense from the measurement of provisions and liabilities increased, in particular in connection with the measurement using actuarial principles of the present value of the provision recognized for the Civil Service Health Insurance Fund (Postbeamtenkrankenkasse – PBeaKK). In 2017, income from investments included the dividends of around EUR 0.2 billion received from the former financial stake in BT.

EUR -14 million (2018: EUR 57 million, 2017: EUR -198 million) of other financial income/expense related to currency translation effects, including gains/losses from derivatives used as hedges in foreign-currency hedge accounting, and EUR 335 million (2018: EUR -409 million, 2017: EUR ‑2,072 million) to gains/losses from other derivatives as well as measurements of equity investments.

For further information on financial instruments, please refer to Note 41 “Financial instruments and risk management.”