Disclosures on financial instruments

Trade receivables include receivables amounting to EUR 1.6 billion (December 31, 2019: EUR 1.8 billion) due in more than one year. The fair value generally equals the carrying amount.

Financial instruments measured at fair value

When determining the fair value, it is important to maximize the use of current inputs observable in liquid markets for the financial instrument in question and minimize the use of other inputs (e.g., historical prices, prices for similar instruments, prices on illiquid markets). A three-level measurement hierarchy is defined for these purposes. If prices quoted in liquid markets are available at the reporting date for the respective financial instrument, these will be used unadjusted for the measurement (Level 1 measurement). Other input parameters are then irrelevant for the measurement. One such example is shares and bonds that are actively traded on a stock exchange. If quoted prices on liquid markets are not available at the reporting date for the respective financial instrument, but the instrument can be measured using other inputs that are observable on the market at the reporting date, a Level 2 measurement will be applied. The conditions for this are that no major adjustments have been made to the observable inputs and no unobservable inputs are used. Examples of Level 2 measurements are collateralized interest rate swaps, currency forwards, and cross-currency swaps that can be measured using current interest rates or exchange rates. If the conditions for a Level 1 or Level 2 measurement are not met, a Level 3 measurement is applied. In such cases, major adjustments must be made to observable inputs or unobservable inputs must be used.

Of the equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income and recognized under other financial assets, the instruments presented in the different levels constitute separate classes of financial instruments. In each case, the fair values of the total volume of equity instruments recognized as Level 1 are the price quotations at the reporting date.

The listed bonds and other securitized liabilities are assigned to Level 1 or Level 2 depending on the market liquidity of the relevant instrument. Consequently, issues denominated in euros or U.S. dollars with relatively large nominal amounts are to be classified as Level 1, the rest as Level 2. The fair values of the instruments assigned to Level 1 equal the nominal amounts multiplied by the price quotations at the reporting date. The fair values of the instruments assigned to Level 2 are calculated as the present values of the payments associated with the debts, based on the applicable yield curve and Deutsche Telekom’s credit spread curve for specific currencies.

The fair values of liabilities to banks, liabilities to non-banks from promissory notes, and other interest-bearing liabilities are calculated as the present values of the payments associated with the debts, based on the applicable yield curve and Deutsche Telekom’s credit spread curve for specific currencies.

Since there are no market prices available for the derivative financial instruments in the portfolio assigned to Level 2 due to the fact that they are not listed on the market, the fair values are calculated using standard financial valuation models, based entirely on observable inputs. The fair value of derivatives is the price that Deutsche Telekom would receive or have to pay if the financial instrument were transferred at the reporting date. Interest rates of contractual partners relevant as of the reporting date are used in this respect. The middle rates applicable as of the reporting date are used as exchange rates. In the case of interest-bearing derivatives, a distinction is made between the clean price and the dirty price. In contrast to the clean price, the dirty price also includes the interest accrued. The fair values carried correspond to the full fair value or the dirty price.

Derivatives with a hedging relationship include forward-payer swaps for future borrowings at T‑Mobile US with a nominal value of EUR 8.8 billion when translated into euros. These transactions were designated as cash flow hedges in effective hedging relationships. In the first three months of 2020, the measurement resulted in a loss from hedging instruments of EUR 925 million recognized under other comprehensive income.

The equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income comprise a large number of investments in strategic, unlisted individual positions. Deutsche Telekom considers the chosen measurement through other comprehensive income without recycling to profit or loss to be appropriate because there are no plans to use the investments for short-term profit-taking. At the date of disposal of an investment, the total cumulative gain or loss is reclassified to retained earnings. Acquisitions and disposals are based on business policy investment decisions.

The equity instruments assigned to Level 3 that are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income and carried under other financial assets are equity investments with a carrying amount of EUR 327 million measured using the best information available at the reporting date. As a rule, Deutsche Telekom considers transactions involving shares in those companies to have the greatest relevance. Transactions involving shares in comparable companies are also considered. The proximity of the relevant transaction to the reporting date, and the question of whether it was conducted at arm’s length, are relevant for deciding which information is used for the measurement. Furthermore, the degree of similarity between the object being measured and comparable companies must be taken into consideration. Based on Deutsche Telekom’s own assessment, the fair values of the equity investments at the reporting date could be determined with sufficient reliability. For the development of the carrying amounts in the reporting period, please refer to the table above. At the reporting date, investments with a carrying amount of EUR 35 million were held for sale, while there were no plans to sell the remaining investments. In the case of investments with a carrying amount of EUR 204 million, transactions involving shares in these companies took place at arm’s length sufficiently close to the reporting date, which is why the share prices agreed in the transactions were to be used without adjustment for the measurement as of March 31, 2020. In the case of investments with a carrying amount of EUR 63 million, an analysis of operational indicators (especially revenue, EBIT, and liquidity) revealed that the carrying amounts were equivalent to current fair values. Due to better comparability, previous arm’s-length transactions involving shares in these companies are preferable to more recent transactions involving shares in similar companies. In the case of investments with a carrying amount of EUR 60 million, for which the last arm’s length transactions relating to shares in these companies took place some time ago, a measurement performed more recently relating to shares in similar companies provides the most reliable representation of the fair values. Here, multiples to the reference variable of expected revenue (ranging between 3.3 and 8.4) were taken. The 25 percent quantile, the median, or the 75 percent quantile was used for the multiples depending on the specific circumstances. If other values had been used for the multiples and for the expected revenue amounts, the fair values calculated would have been different. These hypothetical deviations (sensitivities) are shown in the table below. In addition, non-material individual items with a carrying amount of EUR 7 million (when translated into euros) are included with differences in value of minor relevance.

The derivatives without a hedging relationship assigned to Level 3 and carried under derivative financial assets relate to options embedded in bonds issued by T‑Mobile US with a carrying amount of EUR 335 million when translated into euros. The options, which can be exercised by T‑Mobile US at any time, allow early redemption of the bonds at fixed exercise prices. Observable market prices are available regularly and also at the reporting date for the bonds as entire instruments, but not for the options embedded therein. The termination rights are measured using an option pricing model. Historical interest rate volatilities of bonds issued by T‑Mobile US and comparable issuers are used for the measurement because these provide a more reliable estimate at the reporting date than current market interest rate volatilities. The absolute figure used for the interest rate volatility at the current reporting date was between 1.6 and 2.3 percent. The spread curve, which is also unobservable, was derived on the basis of current market prices of bonds issued by T‑Mobile US and debt instruments of comparable issuers. The spreads used at the current reporting date were between 4.4 and 4.7 percent for the maturities of the bonds and between 4.1 and 4.4 percent for shorter terms. For the mean reversion input, which is likewise unobservable, 10 percent was used. In our opinion, the values used constitute the best estimate in each case. If other values had been used for interest rate volatility, spread curve or mean reversion, the fair values calculated would have been different. These hypothetical deviations (sensitivities) are shown in the table below. In the reporting period, a net expense of EUR 307 million when translated into euros was recognized under the Level 3 measurement in other financial income/expense for unrealized losses for the options in the portfolio at the reporting date. Please refer to the table above for the development of the carrying amounts in the reporting period. The changes in value recognized in profit or loss in the reporting period were mainly attributable to fluctuations in the interest rates and historical interest rate volatilities in absolute terms that are relevant for measurement. Due to their distinctiveness, these instruments constitute a separate class of financial instruments.

With a carrying amount of EUR -166 million when translated into euros, the derivatives without a hedging relationship assigned to Level 3 and carried under derivative financial liabilities relate to energy forward agreements embedded in contracts entered into by T‑Mobile US. The same applies to derivative financial assets with a carrying amount of EUR 15 million when translated into euros. These agreements consist of two components: the energy forward agreement and the acquisition of renewable energy credits by T‑Mobile US. The contracts have been entered into with energy producers since 2017 and run for terms of between 12 and 20 years from the commencement of commercial operation. In the case of three energy forward agreements, commercial operations have already begun; with the others, commercial operations are set to begin between 2020 and 2021. The respective settlement period of the energy forward agreement, which is accounted for separately as a derivative, also starts when the facility begins commercial operation. Under the energy forward agreements, T‑Mobile US receives variable amounts based on the facility’s actual energy output and the then current energy prices, and pays fixed amounts per unit of energy generated throughout the term of the contract. The energy forward agreements are measured using valuation models because no observable market prices are available. The value of the derivatives is materially influenced by the facility’s future energy output, for which T‑Mobile US estimated a value of 2,899 gigawatt hours per year at the reporting date. The value of the derivatives is also significantly influenced by future energy prices, which are not observable for the period beyond around five years. Further, the value of the derivatives is materially influenced by the future prices for renewable energy credits, which are also not observable. For the unobservable portion of the term, T‑Mobile US used on-peak energy prices of between EUR 14.05/MWh and EUR 62.64/MWh when translated into euros and off-peak prices of between EUR 7.97/MWh and EUR 39.20/MWh when translated into euros. An average on-peak/off-peak ratio of 46 percent was used. In our opinion, the values used constitute the best estimate in each case. If other values had been used for future energy prices, future energy output, or future prices of renewable energy credits, the fair values calculated would have been different. These hypothetical deviations (sensitivities) are shown in the table above. In the reporting period, a net expense of EUR 1 million (when translated into euros) was recognized under the Level 3 measurement in other operating income/expense for unrealized losses for the derivatives. Please refer to the corresponding table for the development of the carrying amounts in the reporting period. The market-price changes in the reporting period were largely attributable to changes in observable and unobservable energy prices and to interest rate effects. Due to their distinctiveness, these instruments constitute a separate class of financial instruments. In the view of T‑Mobile US, the contracts were entered into at current market conditions, and the most appropriate parameters for the unobservable inputs were used for measurement purposes. The transaction price at inception was zero in each case. Since the unobservable inputs have a material influence on the measurement of the derivatives, the respective amount resulting from initial measurement was not carried on initial recognition. Instead, these amounts are amortized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of commercial energy generation (for a total amount of EUR 13 million per year when translated into euros). This amortization adjusts the effects from measuring the derivatives in each accounting period using the respective valuation models and updated parameters. All amounts from the measurement of the derivatives are presented in net terms per contract in the statement of financial position (derivative financial assets/liabilities) and in the income statement (other operating income/expenses). The difference yet to be amortized in the income statement developed as follows during the reporting period:

For the trade receivables, loans issued, and other receivables assigned to Level 3, which are measured either at fair value through other comprehensive income or at fair value through profit or loss, the main factor in determining fair value is the credit risk of the relevant counterparties. If the default rates applied as of the reporting date had been 1 percent higher (lower) with no change in the reference variables, the fair values of the instruments would have been 1 percent lower (higher).

The financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss and assigned to Level 3 include derivative financial liabilities with a carrying amount of EUR -8 million resulting from an option granted to third parties for the purchase of shares in an associate of Deutsche Telekom. The option was granted in connection with a sale of shares in this associate, and no notable fluctuations in value are expected. Due to its distinctiveness, this instrument constitutes a separate class of financial instruments.

Disclosures on credit risk

In line with the contractual provisions, in the event of insolvency, all derivatives with a positive or negative fair value that exist with the respective counterparty are offset against each other, leaving a net receivable or liability. The net amounts are normally recalculated every bank working day and offset against each other. When the netting of the positive and negative fair values of all derivatives was positive from Deutsche Telekom’s perspective, Deutsche Telekom received unrestricted cash collateral from counterparties pursuant to collateral contracts in the amount of EUR 2,811 million (December 31, 2019: EUR 1,273 million). The credit risk was thus reduced by EUR 2,805 million (December 31, 2019: EUR 1,207 million) because, on the reporting date, the collateral received was offset by corresponding net derivative positions in the same amount. On the basis of these contracts, derivatives with a positive fair value and a total carrying amount of EUR 3,580 million as of the reporting date (December 31, 2019: EUR 1,703 million) had a maximum credit risk of EUR 140 million as of March 31, 2020 (December 31, 2019: EUR 49 million).

When the netting of the positive and negative fair values of all derivatives was negative from Deutsche Telekom’s perspective, Deutsche Telekom provided cash collateral in the amount of EUR 1,144 million as of the reporting date (December 31, 2019: EUR 564 million) to counterparties pursuant to collateral agreements. The cash collateral paid is offset by corresponding net derivative positions of EUR 1,133 million at the reporting date (December 31, 2019: EUR 554 million), which is why it was not exposed to any credit risks in this amount.

On account of its close connection to the corresponding derivatives, the collateral received (paid) constitutes a separate class of financial liabilities (assets). There were no other significant agreements reducing the maximum exposure to the credit risks of financial assets. The maximum exposure to credit risk of the other financial assets thus corresponds to their carrying amounts.

According to agreement, no cash collateral is provided for interest rate swaps concluded by T‑Mobile US with a nominal value of EUR 4.2 billion (when translated into euros). The fair values at the reporting date were negative in each case from the perspective of T‑Mobile US and amounted to EUR -974 million when translated into euros (December 31, 2019: EUR -490 million).

Please refer to the explanations above for more information on the energy forward agreements for which no collateral is provided. There is also no default risk on embedded derivatives held.